结肠直肠癌
结肠直肠癌 is treated in our 结直肠肿瘤 Program within the 推荐最近最火的赌博软件 癌症中心.
For more information or answers to your questions about our 癌症治疗, please call 315 464-hope (4673) to speak with an 推荐最近最火的赌博软件 癌症中心 representative.
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Cancer is when 细胞 grow out of control. 的 细胞 form a clump of tissue called a 生长或肿瘤. Cancer 细胞 can invade nearby tissues. It can then spread to other 身体部位.
A tumor can be benign or malignant. A benign tumor is not 癌症 and will not spread to other 身体部位. In the colon (large 肠), most benign growths are called 息肉.
A malignant tumor is 癌症. Cancer 细胞 invade and damage tissue around them. 他们可以 also enter the lymph and blood streams, spreading to other 身体部位. 结直肠 癌症 is the growth of malignant 细胞 in the colon.
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Normal Anatomy and the Development of 结肠直肠癌
的 colon is the last part of the gastro肠道. This tract is where food is taken in and digested for the body to use. 的 colon's main job is to absorb water and salt from solid waste before it is passed from the body as stool (poop). 的 下一个是直肠. It stores stool until it is ready to be passed from the body through 肛管.
Cell growth and death are normal processes in the body to replace old or damaged 细胞. 的 walls of the colon have 细胞 that die and are replaced faster because of the digestive process. 的 colon may also be exposed to carcinogens, or things that 会导致癌症. 的se carcinogens may come from waste expelled from the body, food breakdown, and gut bacteria. 的y can cause damage to 细胞 in the colon. 这可以 lead to a high level of cell turnover. Places where there are rapid changes like this are more at risk for 癌症 forming.
Polyps are another thing that can lead to 癌症 forming. Polyps are small growths that can be found in the colon and rectum. 的re are several types. 大多数是良性的， but some can turn into 癌症. 的 highest risk of 癌症 development comes from 腺瘤息肉.
Cancer can happen anywhere in the colon, but it is most commonly found in the last section. 结肠直肠癌 may cause bleeding or make it hard for the colon to work 这是应该的.
If the 癌症 grows beyond the colon or rectum, it can spread into nearby places, such as the urinary tract, reproductive organs, or anus. It can make it hard for these organs to work as well and cause issues such as problems passing urine.
It can also spread to lymph nodes or blood vessels, which can carry 癌症 细胞 to other 身体部位. 的 most common sites for colorectal 癌症 to spread to are lymph nodes in other 身体部位, the lungs, liver, or other organs in the belly and pelvic areas.
Types of 结肠直肠癌
的 wall of the large 肠 is made of four layers. From the innermost to outermost layer, they are named mucosa, submucosa, muscle, and serosa. 几乎所有的 colorectal 癌症s are . That is, they start in the mucosa and spread outward through the serosa. 其他类型包括:
- —these form from the hormone-producing 细胞 of the 肠道
- —these form from special 细胞 in the colon wall, but can be found anywhere in the GI tract
- —these are rare and form from the muscular tissue of the 肠
| 结肠癌 |
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| 直肠癌 |
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参考文献
- 本森,.P.维努克，A.B.等。. 结肠癌. 版本 2.2017 NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 2017; 15 (3): 370-398.
- Colon 癌症 治疗 option overview. 国家癌症 学院网站. 可以在: http://www.Cancer Types.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-治疗-pdq#section/%5F135.
- 结肠直肠癌. American Cancer Society website. 可以在: http://www.癌症.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003096-pdf.pdf.
- 结肠直肠癌. EBSCO DynaMed website. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/colorectal-癌症.
- Glynne-Jones R.Wyrwicz, L.等。. 直肠癌:ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for 诊断, 治疗 and follow-up. 肿瘤学年鉴， 2017; 28 (suppl%5F4): iv22-iv40.